Causes of State Conflict in the Middle East
Conflict in the Middle East is a complex phenomenon involving various historical, political and social factors. One of the main causes is the long history of colonialism and foreign intervention. Western countries have participated in the formation of national borders that often do not take into account local ethnic and sectarian conditions. For example, the division between Sunnis and Shiites has created ongoing tensions, especially in countries such as Iraq and Syria.
Apart from that, ideological and political competition also plays an important role. From the Iranian revolution in 1979 to the Arab Spring, political change often created power vacuums that were filled by extremist groups. ISIS, for example, emerged amidst post-conflict chaos and capitalized on popular dissatisfaction with a corrupt and unrepresentative government.
Economic factors also greatly contribute. Abundant natural resources, such as oil, are a major driver of conflict. Oil-rich countries are often caught up in civil war and outside intervention, with this wealth only exacerbating tensions. Attempts to control energy distribution pathways can trigger conflict between countries, as well as between governments and opposition groups.
Impact of Conflict in the Middle East
The conflict in the Middle East has a much wider impact than just the region. First, the humanitarian impact is enormous. Millions of people were forced to flee their homes as refugees, creating a global humanitarian crisis. In countries like Syria, the death toll has reached hundreds of thousands, while millions more suffer from a lack of access to basic services such as health and education.
From a geopolitical perspective, conflicts in the Middle East have attracted the attention of major powers, such as the United States and Russia. Military intervention complicates the situation, often prolonging the conflict without providing a clear solution. Tensions between countries, such as relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, also have the potential to lead to open war that could involve many countries.
The economic impact is also felt at the global level. Fluctuations in oil prices resulting from conflict can affect the economies of countries that are highly dependent on energy. International trade was disrupted, and many countries had to deal with the effects of the recession caused by the instability.
Finally, conflicts in the Middle East often lead to an increase in extremism. Radical groups such as al-Qaeda and ISIS have exploited public discontent to recruit members. This is why solutions to conflicts in this region are so important in reducing the threat of global terrorism.
Conclusion
The causes and impacts of conflict in the Middle East are very complex and interrelated. Understanding the root of the problem and involving all parties in a fair resolution process is the key to creating sustainable peace.